4X
Foreign Exchange Topics
  • Issues regarding whether the Canadian dollar should be fixed, or floating
.
for the international business students of Prof. Tim Richardson
last updated 2003 July 26
 
Canada's
currency

In 2nd week of December, 2000, the National Post ran a week long series of articles about the future of the world currency system. [it is no longer on their website]

"In a National Post World Exclusive, two Nobel economists - Milton Friedman and Robert Mundell - debate  one of the great unsettled economic issues of our time:  fixed or flexible exchange  rates. Through an e-mail exchange organized by the Financial Post, Friedman and Mundell debate often very different views."

In the Dec 12th, 2000 Financial Post, the subject debated was Canada's dollar.

This is are some very significant issues here which are not covered so well in any textbook we could have chosen for this course and since the issues also cover specifically Canadian considerations, you are encouraged in the strongest way to read the following.


fixed
or 
floating
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 from the Monday Dec 11th, 2000 exchange
 
ROBERT MUNDELL
ROBERT MUNDELL

"There are something like 178 currencies in the world. A vast number of these smaller currencies have  been floating and unstable. Most of the smaller countries that have economic links to the dollar or euro areas would be better off fixing their currencies in hard-fix fashion to one or the other areas.."

MILTON FRIEDMAN
MILTON FRIEDMAN

"By now, there is widespread agreement that a global move to pegged rate regimes would be a bad idea. Every currency crisis has been connected with pegged rates."

"The reasons why a pegged exchange rate is a ticking bomb are well known. A central bank controlling a currency that comes under downward pressure does not have to alter domestic monetary policy. It can draw upon reserves of foreign currency or borrow foreign currency to meet  the excess demand for foreign currency."

Canada's
currency

fixed
or 
floating
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Canada's
currency

fixed
or 
floating

from the Tuesday Dec 12th exchange
 
ROBERT MUNDELL
ROBERT MUNDELL
"If for example, Canada and the United States fixed exchange rates between their two dollars, Canadians would gain much more than Americans because they would participate in a currency area that had  global dimensions. Also, the Canadian would have a stable purchasing
 power over a Continental basket of goods and securities instead of the much smaller local Canadian basket."
MILTON FRIEDMAN
MILTON FRIEDMAN

"Over the 30 years from 1970 to 2000, Canadian inflation has averaged about .5% a year higher than U.S. inflation. That accounts for somewhat more than half of the decline in the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar in the past 30 years. The important point for present purposes is the remaining nearly half of the decline in the Canadian dollar. That reflected different forces affecting the Canadian than the U.S. economy. If the Canadian dollar had been rigidly tied to the U.S. dollar, those differences would have required Canada to deflate relative to the  United States, with unfortunate consequences for Canada that would have strained, to put it mildly, the trade relations between the two countries, and have put strong pressure on Canada to devalue or float. In my opinion, Canada was better served by a flexible rate in those 30 years than it would have been by a fixed rate."


 
 
 
 
 
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